Browsing the Filesystem

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Linux File Hierarchy Concepts

• Files and Directories are organized into a single rooted inverted tree structure, including distinct physical volumes such as Floppy Disks, CD-ROMs and Multiple Hard Drives.
  
• Filesystem begins at the root directory, represented by lonely forward slash (/).
  
• Names in Linux File Hierarchy are case sensitive.
  
• Paths are delimited by / such as /usr/share/bin/X11/X
  
• Each shell and system process has a current working directory.
  
• . refers to the current working directory.
  
• .. refers to the parent directory of any particular directory - just one level up in the file hierarchy.
  
• Files and Directories whose name begin with a . are hidden.
  
• A user’s path is a list of directories that are searched for commands typed at the command line.
  

Some Important Directories

• Home Directories: /root, /home/username
  
• User Executables: /bin, /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin
  
• System Executables: /sbin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/sbin
  
• Shared Libraries: /lib, /usr/lib, /usr/local/lib
  
• Kernels & Boot-loaders: /boot
  
• Configuration Files: /etc
  
• Device Files: /dev
  
• Temporary Files: /tmp
  
• Other Mount-points: /media, /mnt
  
• Server Data: /var, /srv
  
• System Informations: /proc, /sys0
  
• Optional Applications: /opt
  

1. Home Directories

• Every user has a home directory.
  
• The root user’s home directory is /root.
  
• Most non-root user’s home directories are in /home/username...........
  

 

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